tyādi section by means of classification into the seven groups of roots (such as Bhūvādi), and by means of causative suffixes and root suffixes.Āsa means "to sit"; in the cchādesa rule, because nta, māna, tyādi are mentioned as primary, there is no cchādesa for ta suffixes: respectfully served a teacher, diligently served.tum forms: one who has respectfully served, or one who respectfully serves; one who has respectfully served, one who has respectfully served; having respectfully served, having respectfully served, having respectfully served.pyādesa occurs by "or pya for tvā in compounds": having respectfully served, having diligently served, having respectfully served, to respectfully serve, to respectfully serve, to be respectfully served.Isu means "to wish, to desire"; by the rule of "much", cchādesa occurs: wished, desired; one who wished, one who wished; to wish, to wish; to be wished, to be desired.esadhātu: sought, searched; one who sought, one who searched; one who sought, one who searched; having sought, having searched; having sought, having searched; to seek, to search; to seek, to search; to be sought, to be searched.Gamu means "to go"; gone; one who went; one who went, one who went; having gone, having gone, having gone; to go, to go; to be gone.Disa means "to see"; seen; one who saw, or one who sees; having seen, having seen, having seen; to see, to see; to be seen.dakkha substitute: seen, perceived; one who saw, one who saw; one who saw, one who saw; having seen, having seen; to see, to see; the Pāḷi says: "of the unconquered Sangha who has seen"; to be seen.Dusa means "to perish"; in causative, with the ṇi suffix –764. Ṇimhi dīgho dusassa* .764. Longening of dusa when ṇi follows.764. Trong ṇa, dusa được kéo dài*.ṇi follows, dusa becomes long.ṇi follows"?765. Maṃ vā rudhādīnaṃ* .765. Or maṃ for the Rudhādis.765. Māṃ hoặc Rudhādīnaṃ*.maṃ or a niggahīta increment occurs after the preceding vowel.bhuj.pyādese: lataṃ dantehi chindiya, chindiyāna, sañchindiya, sañchindiyāna, chinditabbaṃ.chida.766. Padādīnaṃ kvaci.766. Sometimes for Padādis.766. Đôi khi đối với Padādīnaṃ.yu occurs for Padādis; the yā increment, and tavaggavaraṇānaṃ ye cavaggabayañā results in cavaggattaṃ, and vaggalasehi te results in the preceding form of ya.karotissa kho refers to kha for ka, abhisaṅkharito, abhisaṅkharitā, abhisaṅkharitavā, abhisaṅkharitāvī, karitvā, karitvāna, abhisaṅkharitvā, abhisaṅkharitvāna, abhisaṅkharituṃ, abhisaṅkharitabbaṃ.767. Kattari cārambhe* .767. In the agent and in the beginning.767. Trong chủ cách và khi bắt đầu.kto occurs in the agent, and in the state and object. By this, even in a continuous present action, due to the first beginning, the past tense suffix ta is prescribed. How?768. Ṭhāsavasasilisasīruhajarajanīhi* .768. Ṭhāsavasasilisasīruhajarajanīhi.768. Với ṭhā, āsa, vasa, silisa, sī, ruha, jara, jani.kto occurs in the active voice for roots like ṭhā-, and in the impersonal and passive constructions.ṭhā (to stand/attend): upaṭṭhito garuṃ sisso (the pupil who has attended upon the teacher); upaṭṭhito garu sissena (the teacher who has been attended upon by the pupil).ās (to sit/serve): upāsito garuṃ sisso (the pupil who has served the teacher); upāsito garu sissena (the teacher who has been served by the pupil).vas (to dwell): anuvusito garuṃ sisso (the pupil who has resided near the teacher); anuvusito garu sissena (the teacher who has been resided near by the pupil).silisa (to embrace): āsiliṭṭho pitaraṃ putto (the son who has embraced the father); āsiliṭṭho pitā puttena (the father who has been embraced by the son).sī (to lie down): adhisayito ukkhaliṃ jano (a person who has lain down on the pot); adhisayitā ukkhali janena (the pot that has been lain down on by a person); the meaning is ‘placed on the hearth’.ruh (to ascend): ārūḷho rukkhaṃ jano (a person who has ascended the tree); ārūḷho rukkho janena (the tree that has been ascended by a person).jar (to wear out/follow): anujiṇṇo vasaliṃ devadatto (Devadatta who has followed the outcaste woman); anujiṇṇā vasalī devadattena (the outcaste woman who has been followed by Devadatta); anujāto māṇavikaṃ māṇavo (the young man who has followed the maiden); anujātā māṇavikā māṇavena (the maiden who has been followed by the young man).769. Gamanatthākammakādhāre ca* .769. And in the locative case, for roots meaning 'to go' and for intransitive verbs.769. Với các động từ có nghĩa đi, các động từ bất biến và trong sở sở.kto occurs in the locative case and in the active voice for roots meaning ‘to go’ and for intransitive roots, and also in the impersonal and passive constructions.yātaṃ (gone); idaṃ tesaṃ yātaṃ (this is their going).padakkantaṃ (trodden); idaṃ tesaṃ padakkantaṃ (this is their treading).Iha te yātā (Here they went); ayaṃ tehi yāto maggo (This path was gone by them); iha tehi yātaṃ (Here it was gone by them).idaṃ tesaṃ āsitaṃ ṭhānaṃ (This is the place where they sat); iha te āsitā (Here they sat); idaṃ tehi āsitaṃ ṭhānaṃ (This is the place where it was sat by them); idha tehi āsitaṃ (Here it was sat by them).770. Āhāratthā* .770. For roots meaning 'to eat'.770. Với các động từ có nghĩa ăn uống.kto occurs in the active voice, in the impersonal and passive constructions, and in the locative case for roots meaning ‘to eat’.Iha te bhuttā, asitā, pītā, khāyitā, sāyitā (Here they ate, consumed, drank, chewed, tasted).Imāni tehi bhuttāni, asitāni, pītāni, khāyitāni, sāyitāni (These things were eaten, consumed, drunk, chewed, tasted by them).Iha tesaṃ bhuttaṃ, asitaṃ, pītaṃ, khāyitaṃ, sāyitaṃ (Here their eating, consuming, drinking, chewing, tasting occurred).Idaṃ tesaṃ bhuttaṃ ṭhānaṃ, asitaṃ ṭhānaṃ, pītaṃ ṭhānaṃ, khāyitaṃ ṭhānaṃ, sāyitaṃ ṭhānaṃ (This is the place of their eating, the place of their consuming, the place of their drinking, the place of their chewing, the place of their tasting).tā and similar suffixes.anīya suffixanīya is derived from ‘tabba and anīya in impersonal and passive constructions’; anubhavanīyo (to be experienced) because it is experienced.ā, the following vowel is dropped, and sometimes y is inserted: upaṭṭhānīyo (to be attended upon), dānīyo (to be given), padhānīyo (to be strived for) – a meditator (yogāvacaro) because he strives; pānīyaṃ (water/drink) because it is to be drunk; sāyanīyaṃ (to be tasted) because it is fit to be tasted; paṭisāyanīyaṃ (to be tasted back/retasted); pahānīyaṃ (to be abandoned); abhitthavanīyaṃ (to be praised); savanīyaṃ (to be heard) because it is to be heard; havanīyaṃ (to be offered) because it is to be offered; upāsanīyo (to be served/worshipped); abhikkamanīyo (to be gone to) because it is to be gone to; rajjanīyo (to be colored/delighted) because it colors/delights; gamanīyo (to be gone) because it is to be gone; vacanīyo (to be spoken) because it is spoken.771. Rā nassa ṇo* .771. ṇa for na after ra.771. N của rā thành ṇo.na of a suffix following a root ending in ra becomes ṇa.karaṇīyaṃ (to be done) because it is to be done; taraṇīyaṃ (to be crossed) because it is to be crossed; attharaṇīyaṃ (to be spread) because it is to be spread; dhāraṇīyaṃ (to be held) because it is to be held; sāraṇīyaṃ (to be remembered/moved) because it is to be remembered/moved; haraṇīyaṃ (to be carried) because it is to be carried; and so on.rundhanīyaṃ (to be obstructed) because it is to be obstructed; bhuñjanīyaṃ (to be enjoyed/eaten); bhojanīyaṃ (to be eaten); paribhojanīyaṃ (to be fully enjoyed/eaten); yojanīyaṃ (to be yoked/connected) because it is to be yoked/connected; dibbanīyaṃ (to be played/shone) because it is to be played/shone; bujjhanīyaṃ (to be awakened/understood) because it is to be awakened/understood; pāpanīyaṃ (to be reached/obtained) because it is to be reached/obtained; ñāpanīyaṃ (to be made known) because it is to be made known; cintanīyaṃ (to be thought) because it is to be thought; vajjanīyaṃ (to be avoided) because it is to be avoided; titikkhanīyaṃ (to be endured) because it is to be endured; vīmaṃsanīyaṃ (to be investigated) because it is to be investigated; and so on.anīya suffix.nta and māna suffixesnta and māna suffixes are explained.772. Nto kattari vattamāne* .772. nta in the active voice for the present tense.772. Nta trong chủ cách ở thì hiện tại.nta occurs in the active voice after a root in the present tense.bhū (to be), in the sense of existence: ‘lo in the active voice’ gives the a suffix; ‘o instead of u, a of a suffix’ gives the increase to o; bhonto-puriso (the existing man) because he exists; bhontaṃ-kulaṃ (the existing family); bhontī-itthī (the existing woman).ava for o before vowels’ gives ava instead of o; bhavaṃ-puriso (the existing man); bhavantaṃ-kulaṃ (the existing family); bhavantī, bhavatī, or bhotī-itthī (the existing woman).773. Māno* .773. māna.773. Māna.māna occurs in the active voice after a root in the present tense.bhavamāno-puriso (the existing man); bhavamānaṃ-kulaṃ (the existing family); bhavamānā-itthī (the existing woman).774. Bhāvakammesu ca* .774. And in the impersonal and passive constructions.774. Và trong trạng thái và đối cách.māna also occurs in the impersonal and passive constructions after a root in the present tense.ya in impersonal and passive constructions’ gives the ya suffix.anubhūyamāno bhogo purisena (wealth being experienced by the man) because it is experienced; anubhūyamānā sampatti (prosperity being experienced); anubhūyamānaṃ sukhaṃ (happiness being experienced).y, anubhuyyamāno.775. Te ssapubbānāgate.775. These suffixes are preceded by ssa in the future tense.775. Chúng có ssapubbā ở thì vị lai.nta and māna suffixes are preceded by ssa.bhavissanto-puriso (the man who will be) because he will be; bhavissantaṃ-kulaṃ (the family that will be); bhavissantī-vibhatti or bhavissatī (the case ending that will be); bhavissamāno, bhavissamānaṃ, bhavissamānā (the one who will be, etc.).anubhūyissamāno (that which will be experienced).776. Mānassa massa.776. Deletion of ma in māna.776. M của māna.ma of the māna suffix is dropped.nisinno vā sayāno vā (whether sitting or lying down); sato sampajāno (mindful and clearly comprehending); na is always dropped.paññāyanto, paññāyamāno (knowing/appearing).viññāyamāno (being understood).ñāpento, ñāpayanto, ñāpayamāno (making known).ñāpīyamāno (being made known).ki class: jānanto, jānamāno (knowing).jānāpento, jānāpayamāno (causing to know).jānāpīyamāno (being caused to know).tiṭṭhaṃ, tiṭṭhanto, tiṭṭhamāno (standing); saṇṭhahaṃ, saṇṭhahanto, saṇṭhahamāno (standing firmly).upaṭṭhīyamāno (being attended upon).patiṭṭhāpento, patiṭṭhāpayanto, patiṭṭhāpayamāno (establishing).patiṭṭhāpīyamāno (being established).dento, dadanto, dajjanto, samādiyanto (giving, taking up); dadamāno, dajjamāno, samādīyamāno (giving, taking up).dīyamāno, diyyamāno (being given).dāpento, dāpayanto, samādapayanto (causing to give/take up); the vowel is shortened.dāpīyamāno, samādāpīyamāno (being caused to give/take up).nidhento, nidahanto, nidahamāno (depositing); nidhiyyamāno (being deposited); nidhāpento, nidhāpayanto, nidhāpayamāno (causing to deposit); nidhāpīyamāno (being caused to deposit); yāyanto (going).yāyanta'manuyāyanti (they follow the one who goes); yāyamāno mahārājā (the great king going), addā sīdantare nage (he saw in the middle of the mountain).vāyanto, vāyamāno (blowing, striving); nibbāyanto, parinibbāyanto, nibbāyamāno (extinguishing, attaining Nibbāna); nibbāpento, nibbāpayamāno (extinguishing, causing to attain Nibbāna); nibbāpīyamāno (being extinguished); osāyanto, osāpento, osāpayanto (ending, causing to end); pahāyanto, pahāyamāno (abandoning); jahanto, jahamāno (abandoning); pahīyamāno, pahiyyamāno (being abandoned); jahīyamāno (being abandoned); hāpento, hāpayanto, hāpayamāno (causing to abandon); jahāpento, jahāpayanto, jahāpayamāno (causing to abandon); hāpīyamāno, jahāpīyamāno (being caused to abandon).i: vikkayanto, vikkiṇanto (selling); vinicchayanto, vinicchinanto (investigating); and its n becomes ch.u-verbs: falling, falling; departing from a state; causing to fall, causing to fall; running, running; praising, praising, being praised; flowing, flowing; shaking off, shaking off, shaking off, shaking off; purifying; crying; cutting; enveloping; producing; flowing out.Hu (to worship): offering oblations.pa prefix for 'abundance': abounding, abounding.Hū (to be): being.y elided.Kila (to play and to love): playing, playing; which means causing to move or loving.Gila (to be sick): being sick.Cina (to despise): despising.Pala (to go): fleeing.Mila (to decrease): fading.Saṅkasa (to dwell): dwelling, etc.asa (to be) – "when there is nta or māna, the initial syllable is elided", thus with nta and māna suffixes, the initial vowel is elided – being, being; attending, attending, being attended; wishing, wishing, being wished; going, going, being gone.y: being gone, being fully gone. When there is ssa preceding for the future tense – "for labha, vasa, chida, gama, bhida, ruda, ccha replaces the final consonant of the root together with ssa" – going, will go; going, will go; decaying, decaying; decaying, decaying; burning, burning.d of daha becomes ḍa: burning, burning.Disa (to see): seeing, seeing, being seen.Yamu (to cease): restraining, restraining, restraining; restraining.vaca, bhuja, muca, visa have kkhādeso (kkh-substitution) together with ssa as the final consonant of the root" – will speak, will speak; speaking, speaking; advising, advising; speaking, speaking.pari and saṃ prefixes: completing, completing, causing to complete, being completed.tavagga and varaṇa become y of cavaggabaña" – the final consonant of the root becomes y.777. Ghyaṇa.777. Ghyaṇa.777. Ghyaṇa.778. Āsse ca.778. And for ā.778. Và cả āssa.779. Kagā cajānaṃ ghānubandhe* .779. Of ca and ja, ka and gā (occur) when the gha anubandha (is present).779. Kagā cajānaṃ ghānubandhe*.780. Vadādīhi yo* .780. The ya suffix (occurs) after vada and others.780. Vadādīhi yo*.781. Guhādīhi yaka* .781. The yaka suffix (occurs) after guha and others.781. Guhādīhi yaka*.782. Kicca ghacca bhacca gabba lyā* .782. Kicca, ghacca, bhacca, gabba, lyā.782. Kicca ghacca bhacca gabba lyā*.