510. Āyatanānīti dvādasāyatanāni – cakkhāyatanaṃ, rūpāyatanaṃ, sotāyatanaṃ, saddāyatanaṃ, ghānāyatanaṃ, gandhāyatanaṃ, jivhāyatanaṃ, rasāyatanaṃ, kāyāyatanaṃ, phoṭṭhabbāyatanaṃ, manāyatanaṃ, dhammāyatananti.510. Āyatanas are the twelve āyatanas: the eye-ayatana, the form-ayatana, the ear-ayatana, the sound-ayatana, the nose-ayatana, the odour-ayatana, the tongue-ayatana, the taste-ayatana, the body-ayatana, the tangible-ayatana, the mind-ayatana, and the phenomena-ayatana.510. Các xứ là mười hai xứ: nhãn xứ, sắc xứ, nhĩ xứ, thanh xứ, tỷ xứ, hương xứ, thiệt xứ, vị xứ, thân xứ, xúc xứ, ý xứ, pháp xứ.sees is cakkhu, meaning it enjoys or clarifies forms.forms is rūpa, meaning that which, having undergone a change of colour, manifests the internal state of mind.hears is sota.uttered is sadda, meaning that which is voiced forth.smells is ghāna.indicates an odour is gandha.invokes life is jivhā.taste is rasa, meaning they enjoy it.origin of repulsive, cankered phenomena is kāya.Origin means place of arising.touched is phoṭṭhabba.cognises is mano.bear their own characteristics are dhammas.511. Avisesato pana āyatanato, āyānaṃ tananato, āyatassa ca nayanato āyatananti veditabbaṃ.511. In general, however, āyatana should be understood as: the sphere of exertion, the extending of exertions, and the leading to a long duration.511. Tuy nhiên, một cách tổng quát, xứ (āyatana) cần phải được hiểu là nơi nỗ lực (āyatanato), nơi mở rộng (āyānaṃ tananato) và nơi dẫn dắt (āyatassa ca nayanato).exert, arise, strive, and endeavour in their own respective functions of experiencing and the like. This is what is meant.āyabhūta (that which arises and functions), and moreover, they keep carrying on this extremely prolonged suffering of saṃsāra, which persists in the beginningless saṃsāra, as long as it does not cease; it is said that they cause it to continue.āyatana, āyatana, because they are a source (of effort), because they extend the efforts, and because they carry on the prolonged (suffering).512. Apica nivāsaṭṭhānaṭṭhena ākaraṭṭhena samosaraṇaṭṭhānaṭṭhena sañjātidesaṭṭhena kāraṇaṭṭhena ca āyatanaṃ veditabbaṃ.āyatana.āyatana, āyatana, by these reasons too: as a dwelling place, as a source, as a gathering place, as a place of origin, and as a cause.513. Lakkhaṇāti cakkhādīnaṃ lakkhaṇatopettha viññātabbo vinicchayo.513. By lakkhaṇa (characteristics), the determination here should be understood from the characteristics of the eye and so on.514. Kamatoti idhāpi pubbe vuttesu uppattikkamādīsu desanākkamova yujjati.514. By kamato (sequence), here too, among the sequences of arising and so on mentioned earlier, only the sequence of teaching is appropriate.515. Saṅkhepavitthārāti saṅkhepato hi manāyatanassa ceva dhammāyatanekadesassa ca nāmena tadavasesānañca āyatanānaṃ rūpena saṅgahitattā dvādasāpi āyatanāni nāmarūpamattameva honti.515. By Saṅkhepavitthārā (briefly and in detail): Briefly, all twelve āyatanas are merely nāma-rūpa (mind-and-matter), because the mind-āyatana and a part of the phenomena-āyatana are encompassed by nāma (mentality), and the remaining āyatanas are encompassed by rūpa (materiality).516. Daṭṭhabbatoti ettha pana sabbāneva saṅkhatāni āyatanāni anāgamanato aniggamanato ca daṭṭhabbāni.516. By Daṭṭhabbato (what should be seen): Here, all conditioned āyatanas should be seen as not coming and not going.517. Tadanantarā pana dhātuyoti aṭṭhārasa dhātuyo – cakkhudhātu, rūpadhātu, cakkhuviññāṇadhātu, sotadhātu, saddadhātu, sotaviññāṇadhātu, ghānadhātu, gandhadhātu, ghānaviññāṇadhātu, jivhādhātu, rasadhātu, jivhāviññāṇadhātu, kāyadhātu, phoṭṭhabbadhātu, kāyaviññāṇadhātu, manodhātu, dhammadhātu, manoviññāṇadhātūti.517. Moreover, immediately after that, the dhātus are eighteen dhātus: the eye-element (cakkhudhātu), the form-element (rūpadhātu), the eye-consciousness-element (cakkhuviññāṇadhātu), the ear-element (sotadhātu), the sound-element (saddadhātu), the ear-consciousness-element (sotaviññāṇadhātu), the nose-element (ghānadhātu), the smell-element (gandhadhātu), the nose-consciousness-element (ghānaviññāṇadhātu), the tongue-element (jivhādhātu), the taste-element (rasadhātu), the tongue-consciousness-element (jivhāviññāṇadhātu), the body-element (kāyadhātu), the tangible-element (phoṭṭhabbadhātu), the body-consciousness-element (kāyaviññāṇadhātu), the mind-element (manodhātu), the phenomena-element (dhammadhātu), and the mind-consciousness-element (manoviññāṇadhātu).517. Kế tiếp, các giới (dhātu) là mười tám giới (dhātu) – nhãn giới (cakkhudhātu), sắc giới (rūpadhātu), nhãn thức giới (cakkhuviññāṇadhātu), nhĩ giới (sotadhātu), thanh giới (saddadhātu), nhĩ thức giới (sotaviññāṇadhātu), tỷ giới (ghānadhātu), hương giới (gandhadhātu), tỷ thức giới (ghānaviññāṇadhātu), thiệt giới (jivhādhātu), vị giới (rasadhātu), thiệt thức giới (jivhāviññāṇadhātu), thân giới (kāyadhātu), xúc giới (phoṭṭhabbadhātu), thân thức giới (kāyaviññāṇadhātu), ý giới (manodhātu), pháp giới (dhammadhātu), ý thức giới (manoviññāṇadhātu).518. Apica yathā titthiyānaṃ attā nāma sabhāvato natthi, na evametā, etā pana attano sabhāvaṃ dhārentīti dhātuyo.518. Furthermore, just as the self (atta) of sectarians does not exist in reality, these are not like that; rather, these dhātus hold their own nature, and thus they are dhātus.518. Hơn nữa, cũng như tự ngã (attā) của các ngoại đạo không tồn tại theo bản chất, thì những giới này không phải như vậy. Mà những giới này duy trì bản chất của chính chúng nên gọi là giới (dhātuyo).519. Lakkhaṇāditoti cakkhādīnaṃ lakkhaṇāditopettha veditabbo vinicchayo.519. Lakkhaṇādito (in terms of characteristics, etc.): Here, the determination of the eye-elements and so on, in terms of their characteristics, etc., should be understood.519. Về các đặc tính (lakkhaṇādito) – ở đây cần phải hiểu sự phân định về các đặc tính của mắt và các pháp khác.520. Tāvatvatoti tāvabhāvato.520. Tāvatvato (in terms of being of that number): means being of that particular number (eighteen).520. Về số lượng (tāvatvato) – nghĩa là về số lượng đó.521. Apica vijānanasabhāve viññāṇe jīvasaññīnaṃ saññāsamūhananatthampi aṭṭhāraseva vuttā.521. Furthermore, the eighteen elements were stated also for the uprooting of the perception of those who perceive consciousness, which has the characteristic of knowing, as a living being (jīva).522. Saṅkhatoti cakkhudhātu tāva jātito eko dhammotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati cakkhupasādavasena, tathā sotaghānajivhākāyarūpasaddagandharasadhātuyo sotappasādādivasena, phoṭṭhabbadhātu pana pathavītejovāyovasena tayo dhammāti saṅkhaṃ gacchati.522. Conditioned (Saṅkhato): The eye-element, to begin with, is reckoned as one phenomenon in terms of its generic nature (jāti), in the sense of eye-sensitivity (cakkhupasāda). Similarly, the ear-, nose-, tongue-, body-, visible form-, sound-, odor-, and taste-elements are reckoned in terms of ear-sensitivity, and so on. But the tangible-element (phoṭṭhabbadhātu) is reckoned as three phenomena, in terms of earth (pathavī), fire (tejo), and air (vāyo).523. Paccayāti ettha ca cakkhudhātu tāva cakkhuviññāṇadhātuyā vippayuttapurejātaatthiavigatanissayindriyapaccayānaṃ vasena chahi paccayehi paccayo hoti, rūpadhātu purejātaatthiavigatārammaṇapaccayānaṃ vasena catūhi paccayehi paccayo hoti.523. By conditions (Paccayā): Here, the eye-element is a condition for the eye-consciousness-element by six conditions: unassociated (vippayutta), pre-arisen (purejāta), existence (atthi), non-disappearance (avigata), support (nissaya), and faculty (indriya) conditions. The visible-form-element is a condition by four conditions: pre-arisen, existence, non-disappearance, and object (ārammaṇa) conditions.524. Daṭṭhabbatoti daṭṭhabbatopettha vinicchayo veditabboti attho.524. To be seen (Daṭṭhabbato): The meaning here is that the determination regarding what is to be seen should be understood.