1. Ekuppādanirodhā ca, ekālambaṇavatthukā.1. The fifty-two mental factors, arising and ceasing together, having the same object and basis as consciousness, are called cetasikas.1. Cùng sinh, cùng diệt, cùng một đối tượng và cùng một vật nương.2. Kathaṃ?2. How? Contact, feeling, perception, volition, one-pointedness, life faculty, and attention—these seven mental factors are called common to all cittas.2. Như thế nào?3. Vitakko vicāro adhimokkho vīriyaṃ pīti chando cāti cha ime cetasikā pakiṇṇakā nāma.3. Initial application, sustained application, determination, energy, joy, and desire—these six mental factors are called particular.3. Tầm, tứ, thắng giải, cần, hỷ, và dục—sáu tâm sở này được gọi là tâm sở Biệt Cảnh.4. Evamete terasa cetasikā aññasamānāti veditabbā.4. Thus, these thirteen mental factors are to be understood as other-common (Aññasamāna).4. Như vậy, mười ba tâm sở này cần được biết là Tợ Tha.5. Moho ahirikaṃ anottappaṃ uddhaccaṃ lobho diṭṭhi māno doso issā macchariyaṃ kukkuccaṃ thinaṃ middhaṃ vicikicchā ceti cuddasime cetasikā akusalā nāma.5. Delusion, shamelessness, fearlessness of wrongdoing, restlessness, greed, wrong view, conceit, hatred, envy, avarice, remorse, sloth, torpor, and doubt—these fourteen mental factors are called unwholesome.5. Si, vô tàm, vô quý, trạo cử, tham, tà kiến, mạn, sân, tật, lận, hối, hôn trầm, thụy miên, và hoài nghi—mười bốn tâm sở này được gọi là bất thiện.6. Saddhā sati hirī ottappaṃ alobho adoso tatramajjhattatā kāyapassaddhi cittapassaddhi kāyalahutā cittalahutā kāyamudutā cittamudutā kāyakammaññatā cittakammaññatā kāyapāguññatā cittapāguññatā kāyujukatā cittujukatā ceti ekūnavīsatime cetasikā sobhanasādhāraṇā nāma.6. Faith, mindfulness, shame of wrongdoing, fear of wrongdoing, non-greed, non-hatred, equanimity, tranquility of mental body, tranquility of consciousness, lightness of mental body, lightness of consciousness, pliancy of mental body, pliancy of consciousness, adaptability of mental body, adaptability of consciousness, proficiency of mental body, proficiency of consciousness, uprightness of mental body, and uprightness of consciousness—these nineteen mental factors are called common to beautiful cittas.6. Tín, niệm, tàm, quý, vô tham, vô sân, hành xả, thân khinh an, tâm khinh an, thân khinh khoái, tâm khinh khoái, thân nhu nhuyến, tâm nhu nhuyến, thân thích nghiệp, tâm thích nghiệp, thân thuần thục, tâm thuần thục, thân chánh trực, tâm chánh trực—mười chín tâm sở này được gọi là tâm sở Tịnh Hảo Biến Hành.7. Sammāvācā sammākammanto sammāājīvo ceti tisso viratiyo nāma.7. Right speech, right action, and right livelihood—these three are called abstinence (viratiyo).7. Chánh ngữ, chánh nghiệp, chánh mạng—ba tâm sở này được gọi là các tâm sở Tiết Chế.8. Karuṇā muditā appamaññāyo nāmāti sabbathāpi paññindriyena saddhiṃ pañcavīsatime cetasikā sobhanāti veditabbā.8. Compassion and appreciative joy are called immeasurables (appamaññāyo). Thus, in all, with the wisdom faculty, these twenty-five mental factors are to be understood as beautiful.8. Bi, hỷ được gọi là các tâm sở Vô Lượng—như vậy, cùng với tuệ quyền, tất cả hai mươi lăm tâm sở này cần được biết là Tịnh Hảo.9. Ettāvatā ca –9. By this much—9. Tóm lại—10. Tesaṃ cittāviyuttānaṃ, yathāyogamito paraṃ.10. Of these, the mental factors inseparable from consciousness, in accordance with their nature, hereafter,10. Sau đây, sự tương ưng của các tâm sở này, vốn không tách rời khỏi tâm,11. Satta sabbattha yujjanti, yathāyogaṃ pakiṇṇakā.11. The seven are associated everywhere, the particular ones according to their suitability.11. Bảy tâm sở (biến hành) tương ưng với tất cả các tâm, các tâm sở biệt cảnh tùy theo sự thích hợp.12. Kathaṃ?12. How? These seven mental factors, the common to all cittas, are found in all ninety-three cittuppādas.12. Như thế nào?13. Pakiṇṇakesu pana vitakko tāva dvipañcaviññāṇavajjitakāmāvacaracittesu ceva ekādasasu paṭhamajjhānacittesu ceti pañcapaññāsacittesu uppajjati.13. Among the particular ones, initial application (vitakka) arises in fifty-five cittas, specifically in Kāmavacara cittas excluding the ten sense-door consciousnesses, and in the eleven first Jhāna cittas.13. Còn trong các tâm sở Biệt Cảnh, trước hết, tầm sinh khởi trong năm mươi lăm tâm, tức là trong các tâm Dục Giới trừ Ngũ Song Thức, và trong mười một tâm sơ thiền.14. Vicāro pana tesu ceva ekādasasu dutiyajjhānacittesu cāti chasaṭṭhicittesu.14. Sustained application (vicāra) arises in sixty-six cittas, in those same cittas and in the eleven second Jhāna cittas.14. Còn tứ, trong các tâm đó và trong mười một tâm nhị thiền, tức là trong sáu mươi sáu tâm.15. Adhimokkho dvipañcaviññāṇavicikicchāsahagatavajjitacittesu.15. Determination (adhimokkha) arises in cittas excluding the ten sense-door consciousnesses and the consciousness accompanied by doubt.15. Thắng giải trong các tâm trừ Ngũ Song Thức và tâm câu hữu với hoài nghi.16. Vīriyaṃ pañcadvārāvajjanadvipañcaviññāṇasampaṭicchanasantīraṇavajjitacittesu.16. Energy (vīriya) arises in cittas excluding the five-door adverting consciousness, the ten sense-door consciousnesses, receiving consciousness, and investigating consciousness.16. Cần trong các tâm trừ Ngũ Môn Hướng Tâm, Ngũ Song Thức, Tiếp Thâu và Quan Sát.17. Pīti domanassupekkhāsahagatakāyaviññāṇacatutthajjhānavajjitacittesu.17. Joy (pīti) arises in cittas excluding those accompanied by displeasure, equanimity, bodily consciousness, and the fourth Jhāna.17. Hỷ trong các tâm trừ các tâm câu hữu với ưu, xả, thân thức và tứ thiền.18. Chando ahetukamomūhavajjitacittesūti.18. Desire (chanda) arises in cittas excluding ahetuka and deluded cittas.18. Dục trong các tâm trừ các tâm vô nhân và tâm si.19. Te pana cittuppādā yathākkamaṃ –19. And these cittuppādas, in order, are—19. Các tâm sinh khởi đó, theo thứ tự, là:20. Akusalesu pana moho ahirikaṃ anottappaṃ uddhaccañcāti cattārome cetasikā sabbākusalasādhāraṇā nāma, sabbesupi dvādasā kusalesu labbhanti.20. Among the unwholesome ones, delusion, shamelessness, fearlessness of wrongdoing, and restlessness—these four mental factors are called common to all unwholesome cittas, and are found in all twelve unwholesome cittas.20. Trong các tâm sở bất thiện, si, vô tàm, vô quý, và trạo cử—bốn tâm sở này được gọi là tâm sở bất thiện biến hành, có mặt trong tất cả mười hai tâm bất thiện.21. Lobho aṭṭhasu lobhasahagatacittesveva labbhati.21. Greed (lobha) is found only in the eight cittas accompanied by greed.21. Tham chỉ có trong tám tâm câu hữu với tham.22. Diṭṭhi catūsu diṭṭhigatasampayuttesu.22. Wrong view (diṭṭhi) is found in the four cittas associated with wrong view.22. Tà kiến trong bốn tâm tương ưng với tà kiến.23. Māno catūsu diṭṭhigatavippayuttesu.23. Conceit (māna) is found in the four cittas dissociated from wrong view.23. Mạn trong bốn tâm bất tương ưng với tà kiến.24. Doso issā macchariyaṃ kukkuccañcāti dvīsu paṭighasampayuttacittesu.24. Hatred, envy, avarice, and remorse are found in the two cittas associated with aversion.24. Sân, tật, lận, và hối trong hai tâm tương ưng với sân.25. Thinamiddhaṃ pañcasu sasaṅkhārikacittesu.25. Sloth and torpor are found in the five cittas prompted by others.25. Hôn trầm và thụy miên trong năm tâm hữu trợ.26. Vicikicchā vicikicchāsahagatacitteyevāti.26. Doubt occurs only in consciousness associated with doubt.27. Sabbāpuññesu cattāro,27. Among all unwholesome*, four*,28. Sobhanesu pana sobhanasādhāraṇā tāva ekūnavīsatime cetasikā sabbesupi ekūnasaṭṭhisobhanacittesu saṃvijjanti.28. Now, among the beautiful cittas, the nineteen common beautiful mental factors are indeed found in all fifty-nine beautiful cittas.29. Viratiyo pana tissopi lokuttaracittesu sabbathāpi niyatā ekatova labbhanti, lokiyesu pana kāmāvacarakusalesveva kadāci sandissanti visuṃ visuṃ.29. The three abstinences, however, are always definite in all Supramundane cittas and are obtained as one; but in the mundane realm, they appear individually, sometimes only in the wholesome Kāmāvacara cittas.30. Appamaññāyo pana dvādasasu pañcamajjhānavajjitamahaggatacittesu ceva kāmāvacarakusalesu ca sahetukakāmāvacarakiriyacittesu cāti aṭṭhavīsaticittesveva kadāci nānā hutvā jāyanti, upekkhāsahagatesu panettha karuṇāmuditā na santīti keci vadanti.30. The two illimitables, however, arise sometimes separately in the twelve Mahaggata cittas excluding the fifth jhāna, and in the wholesome Kāmāvacara cittas, and in the Sahetuka Kāmāvacara functional cittas, thus in twenty-eight cittas. Some here say that karuṇā and muditā are not present in those accompanied by upekkhā.31. Paññā pana dvādasasu ñāṇasampayuttakāmāvacaracittesu ceva sabbesupi pañcatiṃsamahaggatalokuttaracittesu cāti sattacattālīsacittesu sampayogaṃ gacchatīti.31. Paññā, however, is associated with the twelve Kāmāvacara cittas accompanied by knowledge, and with all thirty-five Mahaggata and Supramundane cittas, thus in forty-seven cittas.32. Ekūnavīsati dhammā, jāyantekūnasaṭṭhisu.32. Nineteen dhammas arise in fifty-nine.33. Issāmaccherakukkucca-viratikaruṇādayo.33. Envy, avarice, remorse, the abstinences, karuṇā, and so on,34. Yathāvuttānusārena, sesā niyatayogino.34. The rest are definitely associated according to what has been stated.35. Chattiṃsānuttare dhammā, pañcatiṃsa mahaggate.35. Thirty-six dhammas in the Supramundane, thirty-five in the Mahaggata.36. Kathaṃ?36. How? In the eight Supramundane cittas of the first jhāna, thirty-six dhammas are included: thirteen Aññasamāna mental factors and twenty-three beautiful mental factors excluding the illimitables. Similarly, in the second jhāna cittas, those excluding vitakka; in the third jhāna cittas, those excluding vitakka and vicāra; in the fourth jhāna cittas, those excluding vitakka, vicāra, and pīti; and in the fifth jhāna cittas, those accompanied by upekkhā are included. Thus, in all eight Supramundane cittas, the compendium is in five ways according to the five jhānas.37. Chattiṃsa pañcatiṃsa ca, catuttiṃsa yathākkamaṃ.37. Thirty-six, and thirty-five, and thirty-four respectively.38. Mahaggatesu pana tīsu paṭhamajjhānikacittesu tāva aññasamānā terasa cetasikā, viratittayavajjitā dvāvīsati sobhanacetasikā ceti pañcatiṃsa dhammā saṅgahaṃ gacchanti, karuṇāmuditā panettha paccekameva yojetabbā, tathā dutiyajjhānikacittesu vitakkavajjā, tatiyajjhānikacittesu vitakkavicāravajjā, catutthajjhānikacittesu vitakkavicārapītivajjā, pañcamajjhānikacittesu pana pannarasasu appamaññāyo na labbhantīti sabbathāpi sattavīsatimahaggatacittesu pañcakajjhānavasena pañcadhāva saṅgaho hotīti.38. In the three Mahaggata cittas of the first jhāna, thirty-five dhammas are included: thirteen Aññasamāna mental factors and twenty-two beautiful mental factors excluding the three abstinences. Here, karuṇā and muditā should be applied individually. Similarly, in the second jhāna cittas, those excluding vitakka; in the third jhāna cittas, those excluding vitakka and vicāra; in the fourth jhāna cittas, those excluding vitakka, vicāra, and pīti. However, in the fifteen fifth jhāna cittas, the illimitables are not found. Thus, in all twenty-seven Mahaggata cittas, the compendium is in five ways according to the five jhānas.39. Pañcatiṃsa catuttiṃsa, tettiṃsa ca yathākkamaṃ.39. Thirty-five, thirty-four, and thirty-three respectively.40. Kāmāvacarasobhanesu pana kusalesu tāva paṭhamadvaye aññasamānā terasa cetasikā, pañcavīsati sobhanacetasikā ceti aṭṭhatiṃsa dhammā saṅgahaṃ gacchanti, appamaññāviratiyo panettha pañcapi paccekameva yojetabbā, tathā dutiyadvaye ñāṇavajjitā, tatiyadvaye ñāṇasampayuttā pītivajjitā, catutthadvaye ñāṇapītivajjitā te eva saṅgayhanti.40. In the beautiful Kāmāvacara wholesome cittas, in the first pair, thirty-eight dhammas are included: thirteen Aññasamāna mental factors and twenty-five beautiful mental factors. Here, all five illimitables and abstinences should be applied individually. Similarly, in the second pair, those excluding ñāṇa; in the third pair, those accompanied by ñāṇa but excluding pīti; in the fourth pair, those excluding ñāṇa and pīti are included.41. Aṭṭhatiṃsa sattatiṃsa, dvayaṃ chattiṃsakaṃ subhe.41. 38, 37, two times 36 in beautiful (consciousnesses).42. Navijjantettha viratī, kriyesu ca mahaggate.42. Abstinences are not found here, in functional (consciousnesses) and in the exalted (mahaggata).43. Akusalesu pana lobhamūlesu tāva paṭhame asaṅkhārike aññasamānā terasa cetasikā, akusalasādhāraṇā cattāro cāti sattarasa lobhadiṭṭhīhi saddhiṃ ekūnavīsati dhammā saṅgahaṃ gacchanti.43. In unwholesome consciousnesses, among the greed-rooted, in the first unprompted (asaṅkhārika), thirteen universal mental factors (aññasamānā) and four unwholesome universal (akusalasādhāraṇa) mental factors, making seventeen, together with greed (lobha) and wrong view (diṭṭhi), nineteen factors are included.44. Tatheva dutiye asaṅkhārike lobhamānena.44. Similarly, in the second unprompted (asaṅkhārika), with greed and conceit (māna).45. Tatiye tatheva pītivajjitā lobhadiṭṭhīhi saha aṭṭhārasa.45. In the third, similarly, excluding joy (pīti), together with greed and wrong view, eighteen.46. Catutthe tatheva lobhamānena.46. In the fourth, similarly, with greed and conceit.47. Pañcame pana paṭighasampayutte asaṅkhārike doso issā macchariyaṃ kukkuccañcāti catūhi saddhiṃ pītivajjitā te eva vīsati dhammā saṅgayhanti, issāmacchariyakukkuccāni panettha paccekameva yojetabbāni.47. In the fifth, however, in the unprompted (asaṅkhārika) consciousness accompanied by aversion (paṭigha), those very same twenty factors, excluding joy, are included, together with four: aversion (dosa), envy (issā), avarice (macchariya), and remorse (kukkucca). Here, envy, avarice, and remorse should be applied individually.48. Sasaṅkhārikapañcakepi tatheva thinamiddhena visesetvā yojetabbā.48. In the five prompted (sasaṅkhārika) consciousnesses too, they should be applied similarly, with the addition of sloth (thīna) and torpor (middha).49. Chandapītivajjitā pana aññasamānā ekādasa, akusalasādhāraṇā cattāro cāti pannarasa dhammā uddhaccasahagate sampayujjanti.49. Eleven universal mental factors (aññasamānā), excluding intention (chanda) and joy (pīti), and four unwholesome universal (akusalasādhāraṇa) mental factors, making fifteen, are conjoined with consciousness accompanied by restlessness (uddhaccasahagata).50. Vicikicchāsahagatacitte ca adhimokkhavirahitā vicikicchāsahagatā tatheva pannarasa dhammā samupalabbhantīti sabbathāpi dvādasākusalacittuppādesu paccekaṃ yojiyamānāpi gaṇanavasena sattadhāva saṅgahitā bhavantīti.50. And in the consciousness accompanied by doubt (vicikicchāsahagata), fifteen factors, excluding determination (adhimokkha) and accompanied by doubt, are similarly found. Thus, even when applied individually to the twelve unwholesome consciousness-arisings, they are included in seven ways by enumeration.51. Ekūnavīsāṭṭhārasa, vīsekavīsa vīsati.51. 19, 18, 20, 21, 20,52. Sādhāraṇā ca cattāro, samānā ca dasāpare.52. And the four universal (unwholesome) (sādhāraṇa), and the other ten universal (aññasamānā),53. Ahetukesu pana hasanacitte tāva chandavajjitā aññasamānā dvādasa dhammā saṅgahaṃ gacchanti.53. In rootless consciousnesses, in the smiling consciousness (hasanacitta), twelve universal mental factors (aññasamānā), excluding intention (chanda), are included.54. Tathā voṭṭhabbane chandapītivajjitā.54. Similarly, in the determining consciousness (voṭṭhabbana), excluding intention and joy (pīti).55. Sukhasantīraṇe chandavīriyavajjitā.55. In the sukhasantīraṇa, chanda and vīriya are absent.55. Trong tâm suy xét thọ hỷ, không có dục và tinh tấn.56. Manodhātuttikāhetukapaṭisandhiyugaḷe chandapītivīriyavajjitā.56. In the triad of manodhātu and the pair of rootless paṭisandhi cittas, chanda, pīti, and vīriya are absent.56. Trong ba ý giới và hai tâm tục sinh vô nhân, không có dục, hỷ và tinh tấn.57. Dvipañcaviññāṇe pakiṇṇakavajjitā teyeva saṅgayhantīti sabbathāpi aṭṭhārasasu ahetukesu gaṇanavasena catudhāva saṅgaho hotīti.57. In the dvipañcaviññāṇas, the pakiṇṇakas are absent. Thus, these same cetasikas are included. In all eighteen rootless cittas, the inclusion is fourfold according to enumeration.57. Trong mười tâm song ngũ thức, không có các tâm sở biệt cảnh. Như vậy, chỉ những tâm sở đó được bao gồm. Tóm lại, trong mười tám tâm vô nhân, sự tổng hợp được thực hiện theo bốn cách về số lượng.58. Dvādasekādasa dasa, satta cāti catubbidho.58. Twelve, eleven, ten, and seven—thus four kinds—58. Mười hai, mười một, mười, và bảy tâm sở,59. Ahetukesu sabbattha, satta sesā yathārahaṃ.59. In all rootless cittas, the remaining seven* are present as appropriate.59. Trong tất cả các tâm vô nhân có bảy tâm sở,60. Itthaṃ cittāviyuttānaṃ, sampayogañca saṅgahaṃ.60. Having thus understood the association and inclusion of cetasikas that are inseparable from citta,60. Sau khi biết sự liên kết và sự tổng hợp của các pháp đồng sanh với tâm,